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Changeset 24389 in main for adopters/nm-epht/trunk/src/main/webapps/nmepht-content/xml/html_content/health/breathing/COPD.xml
- Timestamp:
- 12/28/21 12:21:50 (6 months ago)
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adopters/nm-epht/trunk/src/main/webapps/nmepht-content/xml/html_content/health/breathing/COPD.xml
r23360 r24389 28 28 <h2>What is COPD?</h2> 29 29 <p> 30 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of serious lung diseases that include emphysema and chronic bronchitis. COPD can cause coughing with, or without large amounts of mucus, wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and other symptoms. When COPD is severe, it can cause long-term disability and death. Lower respiratory diseases, which include COPD, are the 4th leading cause of death in the United States<a ibis:hash="ref1" id="ref1.link" aria-describedby="footnote-label"></a> and in New Mexico<a ibis:hash="ref2" id="ref2.link" aria-describedby="footnote-label"></a>.30 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of serious lung diseases that include emphysema and chronic bronchitis. COPD can cause coughing with, or without large amounts of mucus, wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and other symptoms. When COPD is severe, it can cause long-term disability and death. Lower respiratory diseases, which include COPD, are the 4th leading cause of death in the United States<a href="#ref1" id="ref1.link" aria-describedby="footnote-label"></a> and in New Mexico<a href="#ref2" id="ref2.link" aria-describedby="footnote-label"></a>. 31 31 </p> 32 32 <p> … … 64 64 <section> 65 65 <h2>Learn about COPD causes and risk factors</h2> 66 By far, the largest risk factor for COPD is smoking; Up to 75 percent of people who have COPD smoke or used to smoke<a ibis:hash="ref3" id="ref3.link" aria-describedby="footnote-label"></a>. Occupational exposures, (vapor, dust, gas or fumes) may account for about 15% of COPD but 25% of COPD among those who have never smoked<a ibis:hash="ref4" id="ref4.link" aria-describedby="footnote-label"></a>. Other environmental factors include exposure to motor vehicle exhaust and exposure to burning of biomass (e.g. cooking over wood stoves). Other factors include frequent respiratory infections in childhood and having Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, a rare genetic disorder<a ibis:hash="ref5" id="ref5.link" aria-describedby="footnote-label"></a>.67 As of 2014, 15.7 million Americans reported having physician-diagnosed COPD, however it is there is a common belief that COPD often goes undiagnosed. There are also large racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, and gender biases in COPD prevalence. In 2013, the following U.S. groups were more likely to report having COPD<a ibis:hash="ref6" id="ref6.link" aria-describedby="footnote-label"></a>:66 By far, the largest risk factor for COPD is smoking; Up to 75 percent of people who have COPD smoke or used to smoke<a href="#ref3" id="ref3.link" aria-describedby="footnote-label"></a>. Occupational exposures, (vapor, dust, gas or fumes) may account for about 15% of COPD but 25% of COPD among those who have never smoked<a href="#ref4" id="ref4.link" aria-describedby="footnote-label"></a>. Other environmental factors include exposure to motor vehicle exhaust and exposure to burning of biomass (e.g. cooking over wood stoves). Other factors include frequent respiratory infections in childhood and having Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, a rare genetic disorder<a href="#ref5" id="ref5.link" aria-describedby="footnote-label"></a>. 67 As of 2014, 15.7 million Americans reported having physician-diagnosed COPD, however it is there is a common belief that COPD often goes undiagnosed. There are also large racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, and gender biases in COPD prevalence. In 2013, the following U.S. groups were more likely to report having COPD<a href="#ref6" id="ref6.link" aria-describedby="footnote-label"></a>: 68 68 <ul class="Indent"> 69 69 <li> … … 132 132 <li id="ref1"> <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/leading-causes-of-death.htm"> 133 133 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Leading Causes of Death</a> Accessed 12/30/2020 134 <a ibis:hash="ref1.link" aria-label="Back to content">«</a>134 <a href="#ref1.link" aria-label="Back to content">«</a> 135 135 </li> 136 136 <li id="ref2"> <a href="https://ibis.health.state.nm.us/query/selection/mort/_MortSelection.html"> 137 137 New Mexico Death Certificate Database, Bureau of Vital Records and Health Statistics, New Mexico Department of Health from New Mexico Department of Health, Indicator-Based Information System for Public Health website</a> Accessed 12/30/2020. 138 <a ibis:hash="ref2.link" aria-label="Back to content">«</a>138 <a href="#ref2.link" aria-label="Back to content">«</a> 139 139 </li> 140 140 <li id="ref3"> <a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/copd"> 141 141 National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Blood, and Lung Institute: COPD</a> Accessed 12/31/2020. 142 <a ibis:hash="ref3.link" aria-label="Back to content">«</a></li>142 <a href="#ref3.link" aria-label="Back to content">«</a></li> 143 143 <li id="ref4"> <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6813a2external icon"> 144 144 Syamlal G, Doney B, Mazurek JM. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Prevalence Among Adults Who Have Never Smoked, by Industry and Occupation - United States, 2013-2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2019;68:303-307. DOI:</a> Accessed 12/31/2020. 145 <a ibis:hash="ref4.link" aria-label="Back to content">«</a></li>145 <a href="#ref4.link" aria-label="Back to content">«</a></li> 146 146 <li id="ref5"> <a href="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/5784/alpha-1-antitrypsin-deficiency"> 147 147 National Institutes of Health, Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center: Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency</a> Accessed 12/31/2020. 148 <a ibis:hash="ref5.link" aria-label="Back to content">«</a></li>148 <a href="#ref5.link" aria-label="Back to content">«</a></li> 149 149 <li id="ref6"> <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/copd/basics-about.html"> 150 150 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention:deficiency: COPD Basics</a> Accessed 12/31/2020. 151 <a ibis:hash="ref6.link" aria-label="Back to content">«</a></li>151 <a href="#ref6.link" aria-label="Back to content">«</a></li> 152 152 </ol> 153 153 </footer>
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